June 23, 1939, was a key date in New York City (NYC) subway transit history. NYC Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia announced a final agreement between City Hall and the two private subway owners was reached after several years of negotiations. NYC offered $151 million to purchase all assets of the Interborough and Manhattan Railway and $175 million for the Brooklyn-Manhattan Rapid Transit system (BMT).
Today's generation of NYC Transit subway riders and elected officials, for the most part, have no idea that original Interboro Rapid Transit (IRT) - 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Franklin Avenue and Times Square shuttles and BMT – today’s B,D,J,M, N,Q, R and Z lines) subway systems were constructed and managed by the private sector with no government operating subsidies. Financial viability was 100 percent dependent upon farebox revenues. They supported both development and economic growth of numerous neighborhoods in the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx and Queens, N.Y.
As part of the franchise agreement which owners had to sign, City Hall had direct control over the fare structure. For a period of time, owners actually make a profit with a $0.05 fare. After two decades passed, the costs of salaries, maintenance, power, supplies and equipment would pressure owners to ask City Hall for permission to raise the fares. This additional revenue was needed to keep up with maintaining a good state of repair, increase the frequency of service, purchase new subway cars, pay employee salary increases and support planned system expansion.
Politicians more interested in the next reelection ( and subscribing to the old Roman philosophy of free bread and circuses) refused this request each year, for more than a decade. As a result, to survive, owners of both systems began looking elsewhere to reduce costs and stay in business. They started curtailing basic maintenance, delayed purchases of new subway cars, postponed salary increases for employees, canceled any plans for system expansion and cut corners to survive.
In the 1930s, NYC began building and financing construction of the new Independent Subway (IND) – today’s A,C,E,F and G lines). This new municipal system subsidized by taxpayers dollars would provide direct competition to both the IRT and BMT. Municipal government forced them into economic ruin by denying them fare increases that would have provided access to additional badly needed revenues. Big Brother, just like the Godfather, eventually made them an offer on June 23, 1939, they couldn’t refuse. The owners folded and sold out to City Hall. NYC purchased the IRT for $151 and BMT for $175 million. This resulted in the integration of both systems with the municipal IND system.
In 1953, the old NYC Board of Transportation passed on control of the municipal subway system, including all its assets to the newly created NYC Transit Authority. Under late New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller in the 1960s, the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority was created.
In 1971, the passenger operations of the former B&O Rail Road Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Company were sold to NYC for $3.5 million. Later that year, NYC passed on control to the MTA. The MTA created a subsidiary, the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority. It is managed by the MTA NYC Transit's Department of Subways and Staten Island railway.
Today, NYC Transit has a fleet of 6,500 subway cars with 472 stations serving 5.5 million pre-COVID-19 riders. More than 4 million daily riders have returned. Service is provided on 28 routes spanning four of five boroughs comprising NYC, including Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan and Queens. Only the 500,000 residents of Staten Island have no direct subway connection to the rest of NYC.
The largest subway system in the world has benefited since the 1960s by grant funding provided by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). Of the $1.8 billion in annual FTA funding provided to the MTA, NYC Transit usually receives up to 80 percent of these funds. These dollars pay for various capital improvement projects which benefit riders. Since the Urban Mass Transportation Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson in 1964, NYC Transit has received billions and billions of dollars in federal assistance from Washington. This is a great example of your tax dollars at work.
