BART Teams with UC Berkeley to Adopt Earthquake Early Warning System

Thanks to assistance from the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system can now automatically brake trains when earthquakes threaten to rattle the Bay Area, allowing perhaps tens of seconds to a minute for trains to slow down before the ground starts to shake.

The earthquake early warning system was created with the help of University of California, Berkeley, seismologists who hooked BART into data flowing from the more than 200 stations throughout Northern California of the California Integrated Seismic Network.

Electronic signals from seismic stations travel much faster than seismic waves. For quakes outside the Bay Area, these data give BART's central computers advance notice that shaking is on the way; for quakes in the Bay Area, they provide more rapid warning. If the messages from the seismic network indicate ground motion above a certain threshold, the central computers, which supervise train performance, institute what BART calls "service" braking, which is a normal slowdown to 26 miles per hour. The farther the quake from the Bay Area, the more time trains have to slow from speeds up to 70 mph.

"The earthquake early warning system will enable BART to stop trains before earthquake shaking starts, and thereby prevent derailment and save passengers from potential injuries," said BART Board President John McPartland. "We are the first transit agency in the United States to provide this early warning and intervention."

"This is a key step forward in our development of an early warning system for the U.S." said Berkeley Seismo Lab Director, Richard Allen. "There are several groups now receiving alerts from our demonstration earthquake alert system, but BART is the first to implement an automated response to earthquake alerts. We hope that others will follow BART's lead."

BART's manager of computer systems engineering Kevin Copley will describe BART's early warning system in a talk this afternoon (1-3 p.m. Sept. 27) organized by the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance. Copley will be joined by UC Berkeley seismologist Peggy Hellweg, who will discuss plans for a broader early warning system along the Pacific Coast that would rival Japan's well-known earthquake early warning system, which not only slows trains but alerts schools and can even automatically shut valves at industrial sites.

The talks are free and open to the public in the East Bay Municipal Utility District board room at 375 11th St. in Oakland.

BART has long had accelerometers – devices that detect strong ground movement – positioned along the tracks. They ring an alarm bell in the Central Control Facility when the local shaking exceeds a specific threshold. Supervisors then made the decision whether to radio train operators and tell them to initiate emergency braking to a full stop.

A year ago, BART instituted automatic service braking when the system's own shake sensors detect ground movement. That only works when shaking reaches the BART system, however. But the new system gives warning as soon as shaking is felt at remote sensors, which can be sooner because of the time it takes for the strong shaking to radiate from the epicenter.

"We're now taking the person out of the loop; so for an earthquake right under the BART system, we get an immediate initiation of braking without anybody having to think," Copley said. "It's a faster response than we would have otherwise."

Copley said the earthquake early warning system "dovetails into our existing procedures." After service braking is triggered, supervisors in the control center can assess whether trains need to come to a full stop and hold. In most situations, trains remain stopped for five minutes before resuming at slow speed while scanning the tracks for problems.

"This earthquake early warning system helps BART not only protect the riders but also preserve an important resource for the Bay Area after an earthquake: a functioning transportation system," said Hellweg.

The California Integrated Seismic Network is a collaboration among various groups that operate seismic sensors, including the Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, California Geological Survey, Caltech Seismological Laboratory and the California Emergency Management Agency.

Allen and other seismologists will be in Washington, D.C., on Friday, Sept. 28, to talk with House and Senate staffers about the benefits of earthquake early warning systems.