Transport for London sets out measures to tackle bus driver fatigue

Transport for London (TfL) unveiled tougher measures to improve road safety by tackling bus driver fatigue, making this the first research of its kind to be published.

The study was commissioned by TfL in response to Unite the Union's work to highlight the complex issue, and was conducted by Loughborough University and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). Key measures announced as a result include commitments that:

·Rigorous fatigue risk management systems will be required for any company to operate London buses under new contracts next year.

·TfL will ensure that all managers in bus garages have undertaken fatigue training.

·TfL will make £500,000 (US$555,000) available to help operators undertake further work to establish the most effective interventions to reduce fatigue.

·All rosters will be reviewed by operators against best practice to reduce the risk of fatigue.

·TfL and operators will ensure driver representatives are given the opportunity to be trained in fatigue.

·There will be a greater focus on the health and wellbeing of drivers.

·TfL will foster a more open and honest culture across the industry.

London Mayor Sadiq Khan has delivered a series of improvements for bus drivers over the past three years. In December 2016, Khan announced a package of improvements including a new starting minimum wage of £23,000 (US$25,388) for drivers working across all of London's bus companies. Last year he introduced the 'License for London,' which allows drivers to fairly move between bus companies at a pay grade equivalent to their level of service and experience. He has also allocated £6 million (US$6.623 million) of funding to deliver permanent toilets for the capital's bus drivers along routes which currently only have facilities with limited access or opening hours.

The new report provides more evidence for TfL's Bus Safety Program, which has targeted issues identified by collision data and aims to deliver immediate improvements to road safety. This study provides new information to help address the risk of collisions. Although the report authors have not suggested that there is a single solution, they did conclude that better partnership working between TfL, bus operators and bus drivers will deliver an even safer bus network.

“We launched our Bus Safety Program to eliminate death or serious injury involving buses from our roads,” said Claire Mann, director of bus operations at TfL. “Collision data has so far helped us deliver a safety-focused training course for all drivers and newly designed safer buses. This report builds on the issues that Unite the Union raised and allows the whole industry to go one step further. With the evidence from this study, we will require bus operators to have fatigue risk management systems and more formal fatigue training for managers. We're also working with the bus operators and Unite to create a program to gather ideas for how we can further respond to the report.”

The required fatigue risk management systems will assess fatigue and provide processes for managing and reporting it if it occurs, with the ultimate goal of fatigue reduction. These systems will help to develop an open and honest culture and make it easier for future improvements to be made. TfL, the operators and Unite will work together to identify the best possible system.

The new £500,000 (US$555,000) fund will be open for applications from bus operators shortly. This fund is intended not just for trialing new technology but to come up with innovative solutions to change the safety culture within bus garages and increase the focus on driver health and wellbeing.

“Unite was entirely right to push for this research and I am pleased that TfL was the first organization in the world to commission this type of study,” said Heidi Alexander, deputy mayor for transport. “The actions set out by TfL today in response to the research are the start and not the end of the work that they will do to address bus driver fatigue and I am confident that, with the co-operation of bus operators and drivers, we can make London's bus network ever better and safer than it is today.'

The report highlights that drivers' health and wellbeing is key and that adequate welfare facilities reduce stress, which in turn reduces the risk of fatigue. TfL will require operators to confirm that all drivers have access to suitable welfare facilities in all future contracts. This builds on TfL's commitment to improve driver welfare, for example by ensuring that all routes have driver toilets available throughout operational hours. Additionally, a health bus will be launched in September, which will visit all bus garages to provide health and wellbeing advice and support for all bus staff.

TfL will ensure that all managers in bus garages are trained in an appropriate fatigue management course and ensure this is a training requirement for new managers moving forward.

All operators will assess the risk of fatigue associated with their rosters by reviewing them against best practice, using automated systems. This will allow the whole industry to minimize fatigue at source rather than simply monitoring it.

The study is the first in the world to assess drivers while they are driving in-service buses and combine this data with detailed sleep diaries. It also included group discussions with drivers and discussions with managers. A voluntary survey of drivers found that one in five of those drivers who responded reported having fatigue-related issues more than once a week while driving. This research is helping ensure the measures to tackle it are evidence-led.

“In this work we used a number of different methods, including survey, discussion groups, interviews and the first ever fatigue on-road study conducted on a live bus route to try and understand fatigue for London bus drivers,” said Ashleigh Filtness, Ph.D., lecturer in transport safety at Loughborough University. “Approximately one fifth of survey respondents reported fatigue, which is similar to what has previously been observed in Sweden, recognizing that fatigue is an important issue for bus drivers. Overall, a variety of both work and home-life factors were found to contribute towards fatigue. Some potential solutions for inclusion in a holistic approach, emphasizing shared responsibility across the industry, have been proposed.'

TfL hopes this pioneering evidence will spark discussions at a national level. It has shared the report with stakeholders who have a key role to play in addressing road safety, such as the Department for Transport, the traffic commissioner, the health and safety executive, the Confederation of Passenger Transport and the Urban Transport Group.