Is Bikesharing More Dangerous Than Regular Bicycling?
The growth of bikesharing in the United States is transforming urban transportation; yet safety concerns remain about bikesharing: helmet use is lower among participants, who are also more likely to be infrequent bicyclists and less familiar with the local terrain. Researchers at the Mineta Transportation Institute conducted an analysis, and its peer-reviewed report, Bikesharing and Bicycle Safety, concluded that the rates of collision and injury among bikesharing participants were lower than rates among regular bicyclists. The primary author was Elliot Martin, PhD, who collaborated with Adam Cohen, Jan Botha, PhD, and Susan Shaheen, PhD.
Dr. Martin pointed out that “bicycle design may be playing a role in slowing down the bikesharing bicyclist, making them engage in less risky behavior. The wide body and sturdy build of the bicycle has the feel of a heavy mountain bike, and this design may reduce the degree to which dangerous maneuvers are made on these bicycles. This would imply that the bicycle design is influencing the bicyclist to act in a safer way.”
The study conducted longitudinal data analysis of bicycle collisions and bikesharing activity in three metropolitan areas: 1) Washington DC, 2) Minneapolis-St. Paul, and 3) the San Francisco Bay Area, to determine whether risk of an accident was higher among bikesharing participants versus regular bicyclists. The fact that it was lower suggests provocative new areas of research.
Aside from the sturdier build and slower speeds of bikeshare bicycles, other factors may influence their unexpectedly good safety record. These include additional design features, such as their bright paint colors and the fact that they light up at night. There is also the possibility that bikeshare users may be more cautious than regular bicyclists.
One possible explanation that was advanced for the greater-than-anticipated safety record of bikeshare programs was the notion that they contributed to a “safety in numbers” effect, in which large numbers of bicyclists in an urban environment inspire automobile drivers to slow down—or maintain higher levels of awareness that bicyclists may be present. The analysis did not find evidence of such an effect in the cities studied. This suggests, at least in the context of bikesharing, that the present size of bikesharing activity is not large enough to impose such an effect on other bicyclists or that such an effect is limited overall in the context of bicycling. Further study of bikesharing safety and its impact on other bicyclists will remain an important area of research as bikesharing and bicycling continue to grow in size and mode share.
